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A surprise decision by President Emmanuel Macron to hold a snap election 
appears to have backfired badly, giving the National Rally a decisive 
victory, early projections showed.

The National Rally party on Sunday won a crushing victory in the first 
round of voting for the French National Assembly, according to early 
projections, bringing its long-taboo brand of nationalist and anti-
immigrant politics to the threshold of power for the first time.

Pollster projections, which are normally reliable and are based on 
preliminary results, suggested that the party would take about 34 percent 
of the vote, far ahead of President Emmanuel Macron’s centrist Renaissance 
party and its allies, which took about 22 percent to end in third place.

A coalition of left-wing parties, called the New Popular Front and ranging 
from the moderate socialists to the far-left France Unbowed, won about 29 
percent of the vote boosted by strong support among young people, 
according to the projections.

Turnout was high at about 67 percent, compared to 47.5 percent in the 
first round of the last parliamentary election in 2022, reflecting the 
importance accorded by voters to the snap election. To many it seemed that 
no less than the future of France was on the line with a far-right party 
long considered unelectable to high office because of its extreme views 
surging.

The two-round election will be completed with a runoff on July 7 between 
the leading parties in each constituency.

The result of voting Sunday does not provide a reliable projection of the 
number of parliamentary seats each party will secure. But the National 
Rally now looks very likely to be comfortably the largest force in the 
National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament where most power resides, 
although not necessarily with an absolute majority.

Final results from the Interior Ministry are not expected to be released 
until Monday.

For Mr. Macron, now in his seventh year as president, the result of the 
vote was a severe setback after he gambled that the National Rally’s 
victory in the recent European Parliament election would not be repeated. 
There was no obligation to pitch France into summer turmoil with a rushed 
vote, but Mr. Macron was convinced that it was his democratic duty to test 
French sentiment in a national ballot.

The first round of voting suggested the most likely outcomes now are 
either an absolute majority for the National Rally or an ungovernable 
National Assembly. In the second scenario, there would be two big blocs to 
the right and left opposed to Mr. Macron, and his much-reduced centrist 
party would be squeezed between the extremes into relative powerlessness.

If the National Rally wins an absolute majority, it is expected to take 
the prime minister’s office and name cabinet members, limiting Mr. 
Macron’s powers, though he would remain as president.

Projections from several polling stations suggested the National Rally 
would win between 240 and 310 seats in the runoff for the 577-seat 
National Assembly; the New Popular Front between 150 and 200 seats; and 
Mr. Macron’s Renaissance party and its allies between 70 and 120 seats. 
The ranges are broad because much can change in the week before the second 
round. For an absolute majority a party needs 289 seats.

Mr. Macron, whose party and its allies have held about 250 seats since the 
last parliamentary vote in 2022, has been frustrated in his attempts to 
achieve his agenda by his lack of an absolute majority and inability to 
form stable coalitions. Now, with his seats likely slashed, the situation 
looks much worse for him.

In a statement immediately after the projections were released, Mr. Macron 
said that “confronted by the National Rally, it is time for a large, 
clearly democratic and republican alliance for the second round.”

Whether that is still possible at a moment when the National Rally has the 
wind in its sails is unclear.

Both leaders of the left and of Mr. Macron’s party said they would urge 
their candidates to pull out of some constituency races where they 
finished in third place in the first round. The goal is to avoid splitting 
the vote and to join in an effort to prevent the far right from winning an 
absolute majority.

“We must unite, we must vote for our democracy, we must prevent France 
from sinking,” said Raphaël Glucksmann, who led the center-left socialists 
in the European election.

In a statement of its own, Mr. Macron’s party declared: “We cannot give 
the keys of the country to the far right. Everything in their program, 
their values, their history, make of them an unacceptable threat against 
which we have to fight.”

Marine Le Pen, the leader of the National Rally, declared that France had 
voted “without ambiguity, turning a page on seven years of corrosive 
power.” She urged her supporters to ensure that her protégé, Jordan 
Bardella, 28, become the next prime minister.

Gabriel Attal, 34, once a Macron favorite and now almost certainly the 
outgoing prime minister after just six months in office, said that “if we 
want live up to the French destiny, it is our moral duty to prevent the 
worst from happening.” He noted that never in its history had the National 
Assembly run the risk of being dominated by the extreme right.

Mr. Macron’s decision to hold the election now, just weeks before the 
Paris Olympics, astonished many people in France, not least Mr. Attal, who 
was kept in the dark. That decision reflected a top-down style of 
governing that has left the president more isolated.

Mr. Macron was persuaded that a dissolution of the National Assembly and 
elections would have become inevitable by October, because his proposed 
deficit-cutting budget was expected to meet insuperable opposition.

“It was better to hold the election now,” said one official close to Mr. 
Macron who requested anonymity in line with French political protocol. “By 
October, an absolute majority for the National Rally was inevitable, 
according to our polling.”

Of course, the National Rally might end up with an absolute majority now.

In the run-up to the election, Mr. Macron tried invoking every threatening 
specter, including a potential “civil war,” to warn people off voting for 
what he called “the extremes”: the National Rally with its view of 
immigrants as second-class and the far-left France Unbowed with its 
antisemitic outbursts.

He told pensioners they would be left penniless. He said the National 
Rally represented “the abandonment of all that forms the attractiveness of 
our country and retains investors.” He said the left would tax the 
vitality out of the French economy and shut down the nuclear power 
stations that provide about 70 percent of the country’s electricity.

“The extremes are the impoverishment of France,” Mr. Macron said.

But those appeals fell on deaf ears because, for all his accomplishments 
including the slashing of unemployment, Mr. Macron had lost touch with the 
people to whom the National Rally appealed. Those people, across the 
country, said they felt talked down to by the president and that he did 
not understand their struggles.

Looking for a way to express their anger, they latched onto the party that 
said immigrants were the problem, despite an aging France’s need for them. 
They chose the party, the National Rally, whose leaders did not go to 
elite schools.

The rise of the National Rally has been steady and inexorable. Founded a 
little more than a half-century ago as the National Front by Ms. Le Pen’s 
father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, and by Pierre Bousquet, who was a member of a 
French division of the Waffen-SS during World War II, it faced for decades 
an ironclad barrier against its entry into government.

This was rooted in French shame. The collaborationist Vichy government 
during World War II deported more than 72,000 Jews to their deaths and 
France was determined that never again would it experiment with an 
extreme-right nationalist government.

Ms. Le Pen threw her father out of the party in 2015 after he insisted 
that the Nazi gas chambers were a “detail of history.” She renamed the 
party and embraced the smooth-talking and hard-to-ruffle Mr. Bardella as 
her protégé. She also dropped some of her most extreme positions, 
including a push for leaving the European Union.

It worked, even if certain tenets remained unchanged, including the 
party’s euro-skeptic nationalism and its determination to ensure that 
Muslim women be banned from wearing a head scarf in public. Also unchanged 
was its readiness to discriminate between foreign residents and French 
citizens, and its insistence that the country’s crime level and other ills 
stem from too many immigrants, a claim that some studies have challenged.

For Mr. Macron, who is term limited and must leave office in 2027, a 
difficult three years appear to stretch before him. Just how difficult 
will not be clear until the second round of voting is over.

How he would govern with a party that represents all he has resisted and 
deplored throughout his political career is unclear. If the National Rally 
gets the prime minister’s job, it will be in position to set much of the 
domestic agenda.

Mr. Macron has vowed not to resign in any circumstance, and the president 
in the Fifth Republic has generally exercised broad control over foreign 
and military policy. But the National Rally has already indicated it would 
want to limit Mr. Macron’s power. There is no doubt that the party will 
try if it gains an absolute majority.

By calling a snap election. Mr. Macron took an enormous, discretionary 
risk. “No to defeat. Yes to awakening, to a leap forward for the 
Republic!” he declared shortly after his decision was made. But as the 
second round of the election looms, the republic looks wounded, its 
divisions lacerating.

Aurelien Breeden contributed reporting.

Roger Cohen is the Paris Bureau chief for The Times, covering France and 
beyond. He has reported on wars in Lebanon, Bosnia and Ukraine, and 
between Israel and Gaza, in more than four decades as a journalist. At The 
Times, he has been a correspondent, foreign editor and columnist. More 
about Roger Cohen

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/30/world/europe/france-elections.html