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AlleyCat is one of the several people who dominate Rudy on a daily basis, keeping their bootheels on his little pencil neck to the amusement of all.

THIS is why Rudy is Rudy:

When Dad Isn't There

Research has found that when a father is not present it is likely:

	The infant was born pre-term or low birth weight or with dwarfism. 

	Many of these families will be low-income households.

	Children may struggle with regulating emotions which can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior and difficulty 	with social skills. Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! 

	A child will become involved in risky behavior.

	Sons have the potential to struggle with gender identity and role confusion.

	Even if the biological father role is filled by another, some of these figures become temporary or have the potential 	of being abusive.

	Children will be left with feelings of blame or emptiness as to why their father left.

Where Did He Go?

What is the reason these fathers are not staying around? Though simply having children can suggest being a father, for many men there is more a father wants to provide for their family. Unemployment and lack of education can be contributing factors as to why fathers leave.5 When men feel they are not meeting the social demands that define fathers, the idea of achieving other fatherly roles decreases and it may seem easier to leave. Other reasons for father absence can 
include imprisonment, infidelity, and abuse.

How to Help Children of Absent Fathers

Though the negative consequences of father absence can be disheartening, there is still hope for these children.

Include positive extended male family figures in the child's life. Children can form strong relationships as they have a safe, stable male figure to rely upon as they grow up. This could come from a grandparent, uncle, or another positive male family member. When these men are present for monumental moments in life, as well as day-to-day interactions, a void can be filled, and the child's confidence can grow.4 Including extended family can also provide another resource 
for the mother to help reduce stress overload and feelings of loneliness.

If there is no male family member available or near to help, try finding a mentor in the community. When a child is able to spend time with a successful individual in their community, different doors of potential are opened to them to see ways that they can become successful.8 Examples of mentors could be coaches, teachers, after school staff, ecclesiastical leaders, etc.

Find support groups in the local area. Just like children can find mentors, single mothers can find others working through these difficulties. There truly is strength in numbers. Brainstorm, network, and help each other. Though the past may not change, the future trajectory can be a positive one. Make time for you.

Growing up without a father brings risks, but that does not determine you or your child's future. Fatherless families can become resilient in their circumstance. Let those who your child will be interacting with know of their struggles. Teachers, caretakers, and other community figures can help alleviate the difficulties your child may face. But they cannot help if they are not aware. Remember, there is hope for brighter tomorrows. There are fathers who chose to stay in 
their child's life after growing up without their father. You do not have to let the absentee determine what your family will become. For stories of hope please visit the references below.